Indian Different Languages

LANGUAGES

Sanskrit

• Sanskrit is the mother of many Indian languages.
• The Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, and Dharmasutras are all written in Sanskrit.
• It is one of the twenty-two languages listed in the Indian Constitution.
• The Dharmasutras, the Manusmriti, Arthashastra, and Gita Govinda are famous books in Sanskrit.
• Panini, Kautilya, Kalhana, and Jayadeva are famous writers of Sanskrit. 

Pali

• Pali is an Indo-Aryan language, which was used for the earliest Buddhist scriptures. Pali literature is mainly concerned with Theravada Buddhism.

Telugu

• The Vijayanagara period was the golden age of Telugu literature.
• Eight Telugu literature luminaries are popularly known as Ashtadiggajas.
• Ramakrishna was the author of Panduranga Mahatmayan, which was considered one of the greatest poetical works of Telugu literature.

Kannada

• Kannada language developed fully after the AD 10th century. The earliest known literary work in Kannada is Kavirajamarg written by the Rashtrakuta King Nripatunga Amonghavaragha 1.
• Pampa, known as the father of Kannada, wrote his great poetic works Adi Purana and Vikramarjuna Vijaya in the AD 10th century.

Malayalam

• The language of Malayalamemerged around the AD 11th century, Malayalam was recognized as an independent language.
• Bhasa Kautilya, a commentary on Arthashastra and Kokashndisam are two great works.
• Rama Panikkar and Ramanujan Ezhuthachan are well-known authors of Malayalam literature.

Tamil

• Tamil is the mother language of the Dravidian language family.
• The Sangam literature is a collection of long and short poems composed by various poets in praise of numerous heroes and heroines.  

Persian and Urdu

• Urdu emerged as an independent language towards the end of the AD 4th century.
• Urdu as a language was born out of the interaction between Hindi and Persian.
• Urdu become more popular in the 18th century.

Hindi

• Hindi is a direct descendent of the Sanskrit language through Prakrit and Apabhramsha.
• It is spoken largely in North India.
• Evolution of Hindi literature can be better understood through four stages of AdiKal, Bhakti Kal, Riti-Kavya Kal, and Adhunik Kal.